Unstable Genomes in the Human Brain: What Does It Mean for Personalized Psychiatry and Neurology
https://doi.org/10.52667/2712-9179-2025-5-4-16-25
Abstract
Despite efforts to uncover genome variability confined to the human brain, genome composition of neurons remains a matter of conjecture in health and disease. Still, somatic neurogenomics continuously gives further insights into understanding of mechanisms for devastative psychiatric and neurological disorders. For instance, since somatic genetic mosaicism and genome instability affecting the brain dynamically change during the ontogeny, these phenomena are able to shape individual features of disease manifestation, course, and outcome. This review is dedicated to the involvement of genome instability in the pathogenesis of brain diseases. Genome/chromosome instability and somatic mosaicism mediating brain dysfunction may produce specific (personalized) manifestations and course of a brain disorder via genetic-environmental interactions. Consequently, genome instability in the brain has to be taken into account during the development of personalized therapeutic interventions in a wide spectrum of psychiatric and neurological disorders. Among the latters, the most striking are schizophrenia, Alzheimer’s diseases, and chromosome instability syndromes. Still, neurodevelopmental diseases (e.g., autism and intellectual disability) are to be investigated in the context of brain-specific genome instability.
Keywords
brain,
chromosome instability,
genome instability,
neurodegenerative diseases,
personalized medicine,
psychiatric disorders
Supporting agencies: Supported by the Government Assignment of the Russian Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Assignment no. 124020700037-4 and by the Government Assignment of the Russian Ministry of Health, Assignment no. 124020900027-3
About the Authors
Ivan Y. Iourov
Mental Health Research Center; Veltischev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Russian Ministry of Health; Department of Medical Genetics, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education,
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
115522 Moscow; 117513 Moscow; 125993 Moscow
Svetlana G. Vorsanova
Mental Health Research Center; Veltischev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Russian Ministry of Health
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
115522 Moscow; 117513 Moscow
Elizaveta D. Pankratova
Mental Health Research Center
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
115522 Moscow
Yuri B. Yurov
Mental Health Research Center; Veltischev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Russian Ministry of Health
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
115522 Moscow; 117513 Moscow
Yulia A. Chaika
Mental Health Research Center
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
115522 Moscow
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For citations:
Iourov I.Y., Vorsanova S.G., Pankratova E.D., Yurov Yu.B., Chaika Yu.A. Unstable Genomes in the Human Brain: What Does It Mean for Personalized Psychiatry and Neurology. Personalized Psychiatry and Neurology. 2025;5(4):16-25. https://doi.org/10.52667/2712-9179-2025-5-4-16-25
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