<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ppan</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Personalized Psychiatry and Neurology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Personalized Psychiatry and Neurology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2712-9179</issn><publisher><publisher-name>V. M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Neurology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Bekhterev NMRC PN)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.52667/2712-9179-2022-2-1-89-97</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ppan-44</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CASE REPORT</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Clinical Case of a 36-Year-Old Man with Treatment-Resistant Paranoid Schizophrenia: Personalized Therapy Selection</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title></trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Linova</surname><given-names>L. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lidia P. Linova</p><p>188357 Nikolskoe, St. Petersburg; ; tel.: +79117502396</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lp-linova@kaschenko-spb.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Torgovtsev</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anton A. Torgovtsev</p><p>188357 Nikolskoe, St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aa-torgovtsev@kaschenko-spb.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Limankin</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oleg V. Limankin</p><p>188357 Nikolskoe, St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">o.v.limankin@kaschenko-spb.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nasyrova</surname><given-names>R. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Regina F. Nasyrova</p><p>188357 Nikolskoe, St. Petersburg; Saint Petersburg 192019</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">reginaf@bekhterev.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="en">P.P. Kashchenko Psychiatric Hospital N1<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="en">P.P. Kashchenko Psychiatric Hospital N1; V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Neurology<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>05</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>2</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>89</fpage><lpage>97</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Linova L.P., Torgovtsev A.A., Limankin O.V., Nasyrova R.F., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Linova L.P., Torgovtsev A.A., Limankin O.V., Nasyrova R.F.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Linova L.P., Torgovtsev A.A., Limankin O.V., Nasyrova R.F.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.jppn.ru/jour/article/view/44">https://www.jppn.ru/jour/article/view/44</self-uri><abstract><p>Schizophrenia is a common and socially significant mental disorder that requires long-term use of antipsychotics (APs). Long-term use of APs increases the risk of developing adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and/or therapeutic resistance in some patients. This may be due to a genetically determined impairment of APs metabolism by cytochrome P450 enzymes and of Aps transport across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the cell membrane of APs target neurons in the brain. Pharmacogenetic testing (PGx) is a method to identify a group of patients with a high risk of developing AP-induced ADRs. The aim of the case report is to present the experience of using PGx in a 36-year-old patient with treatment-resistant schizophrenia and a medical history of AP-induced ADRs.</p></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>schizophrenia</kwd><kwd>therapeutic resistance</kwd><kwd>unwanted reaction</kwd><kwd>antipsychotics</kwd><kwd>pharmacogenetic testing</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>This study did not receive external funding.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Katona, L.; Bitter, I.; Czobor, P. A meta-analysis of effectiveness of real-world studies of antipsychotics in schizophrenia: Are the results consistent with the findings of randomized controlled trials? Transl Psychiatry 2021, 11(1), 510. doi: 10.1038/s41398-021-01636-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Katona, L.; Bitter, I.; Czobor, P. A meta-analysis of effectiveness of real-world studies of antipsychotics in schizophrenia: Are the results consistent with the findings of randomized controlled trials? Transl Psychiatry 2021, 11(1), 510. doi: 10.1038/s41398-021-01636-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kaar, S.J.; Natesan, S.; McCutcheon, R.; Howes, O.D. Antipsychotics: Mechanisms underlying clinical response and side-effects and novel treatment approaches based on pathophysiology. Neuropharmacology 2020, 172, 107704. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.107704.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kaar, S.J.; Natesan, S.; McCutcheon, R.; Howes, O.D. Antipsychotics: Mechanisms underlying clinical response and side-effects and novel treatment approaches based on pathophysiology. Neuropharmacology 2020, 172, 107704. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.107704.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kravtsov, V.V.; Filippov, I.A.; Vaiman, E.E.; Shnayder, N.A.; Nasyrova, R.F. Pharmacogenetic aspects of the dopaminergic system in clozapine pharmacodynamics. Zhurnal Nevrologii i Psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova 2020, 120(7), 134-141. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17116/jnevro2020120071134.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kravtsov, V.V.; Filippov, I.A.; Vaiman, E.E.; Shnayder, N.A.; Nasyrova, R.F. Pharmacogenetic aspects of the dopaminergic system in clozapine pharmacodynamics. Zhurnal Nevrologii i Psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova 2020, 120(7), 134-141. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17116/jnevro2020120071134.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nasyrova, R.F.; Schnaider, N.A.; Mironov, K.O.; Shipulin, G.A.; Dribnokhodova, O.P.; Golosov, E.A.; Tolmachev, M.Yu; Andreev, B.V.; Kurylev, A.A.; Akhmetova, L.Sh.; Limankin, O.V.; Neznanov, N.G. Pharmacogenetics of schizophrenia in real clinical practice: a clinical case. Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics 2018, 10(4), 88–93. https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=36547318.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nasyrova, R.F.; Schnaider, N.A.; Mironov, K.O.; Shipulin, G.A.; Dribnokhodova, O.P.; Golosov, E.A.; Tolmachev, M.Yu; Andreev, B.V.; Kurylev, A.A.; Akhmetova, L.Sh.; Limankin, O.V.; Neznanov, N.G. Pharmacogenetics of schizophrenia in real clinical practice: a clinical case. Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics 2018, 10(4), 88–93. https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=36547318.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shnayder, N.A.; Abdyrakhmanova, A.K.; Nasyrova, R.F. Oxidation of Antipsychotics. Encyclopedia 2022.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shnayder, N.A.; Abdyrakhmanova, A.K.; Nasyrova, R.F. Oxidation of Antipsychotics. Encyclopedia 2022.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dahl, M.L. Cytochrome P450 phenotyping/genotyping in patients receiving antipsychotics: useful aid to prescribing? Clin Pharmacokinet 2002, 41(7), 453-70. doi: 10.2165/00003088-200241070-00001.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dahl, M.L. Cytochrome P450 phenotyping/genotyping in patients receiving antipsychotics: useful aid to prescribing? Clin Pharmacokinet 2002, 41(7), 453-70. doi: 10.2165/00003088-200241070-00001.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nasyrova, R.F.; Dobrodeeva, V.S.; Scopin, S.D.; Shnayder, N.A.; Neznanov, N.G. Problems and prospects for the implementation of pharmacogenetic testing in real clinical practice in the Russian Federation. Bulletine of Psychiatry, Neurology and Neurosurgery 2020, 3, 6-8. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.33920/med-01-2003-01.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nasyrova, R.F.; Dobrodeeva, V.S.; Scopin, S.D.; Shnayder, N.A.; Neznanov, N.G. Problems and prospects for the implementation of pharmacogenetic testing in real clinical practice in the Russian Federation. Bulletine of Psychiatry, Neurology and Neurosurgery 2020, 3, 6-8. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.33920/med-01-2003-01.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ayano, G. Psychotropic Medications Metabolized by Cytochromes P450 (CYP) 1A2 Enzyme and Relevant Drug Interactions: Review of Articles. Austin J Pharmacol Ther 2016, 4(2), 1085. doi: 10.4172/2167-065X.1000162.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ayano, G. Psychotropic Medications Metabolized by Cytochromes P450 (CYP) 1A2 Enzyme and Relevant Drug Interactions: Review of Articles. Austin J Pharmacol Ther 2016, 4(2), 1085. doi: 10.4172/2167-065X.1000162.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bahar, M.A.; Setiawan, D.; Hak, E.; Wilffert, B. Pharmacogenetics of drug-drug interaction and drug-drug-gene interaction: a systematic review on CYP2C9, CYP2C19 and CYP2D6. Pharmacogenomics 2017, 8(7), 701-739. doi: 10.2217/pgs-2017-0194.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bahar, M.A.; Setiawan, D.; Hak, E.; Wilffert, B. Pharmacogenetics of drug-drug interaction and drug-drug-gene interaction: a systematic review on CYP2C9, CYP2C19 and CYP2D6. Pharmacogenomics 2017, 8(7), 701-739. doi: 10.2217/pgs-2017-0194.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ayano, G. Psychotropic Medications Metabolized by Cytochromes P450 (CYP) 2D6 Enzyme and Relevant Drug Interactions. Clin Pharmacol Biopharm 2016, 5, 162. doi: 10.4172/2167-065X.1000162.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ayano, G. Psychotropic Medications Metabolized by Cytochromes P450 (CYP) 2D6 Enzyme and Relevant Drug Interactions. Clin Pharmacol Biopharm 2016, 5, 162. doi: 10.4172/2167-065X.1000162.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhou, S.F. Drugs behave as substrates, inhibitors and inducers of human cytochrome P450 3A4. Curr Drug Metab 2008, 9(4), 310-22. doi: 10.2174/138920008784220664.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhou, S.F. Drugs behave as substrates, inhibitors and inducers of human cytochrome P450 3A4. Curr Drug Metab 2008, 9(4), 310-22. doi: 10.2174/138920008784220664.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Thomas, С.; Tampé, R. Structural and Mechanistic Principles of ABC Transporters. Annual Review of Biochemistry 2020, 89(1), 605-636. doi: 10.1146/annurev-biochem-011520-105201.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Thomas, С.; Tampé, R. Structural and Mechanistic Principles of ABC Transporters. Annual Review of Biochemistry 2020, 89(1), 605-636. doi: 10.1146/annurev-biochem-011520-105201.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alemayehu, D.; Melisie, G.; Taye K.; Tadesse E. The Role of ABC Efflux Transporter in Treatment of Pharmaco-Resistant Schizophrenia: A Review Article. Clin Pharmacol Biopharm 2019, 8, 189.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alemayehu, D.; Melisie, G.; Taye K.; Tadesse E. The Role of ABC Efflux Transporter in Treatment of Pharmaco-Resistant Schizophrenia: A Review Article. Clin Pharmacol Biopharm 2019, 8, 189.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Carvalho, H. B.; Yang, E. H.; Lapetina, D.; Carr, M. S.; Yavorskyy, V.; Hague, J.; Aitchison, K. J.; How Can Drug Metabolism and Transporter Genetics Inform Psychotropic Prescribing? Frontiers in Genetics 2020, 11. https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fgene.2020.491895DOI=10.3389/fgene.2020.491895</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Carvalho, H. B.; Yang, E. H.; Lapetina, D.; Carr, M. S.; Yavorskyy, V.; Hague, J.; Aitchison, K. J.; How Can Drug Metabolism and Transporter Genetics Inform Psychotropic Prescribing? Frontiers in Genetics 2020, 11. https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fgene.2020.491895DOI=10.3389/fgene.2020.491895</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Genesight. Available online: https://genesight.com/product/ (accessed on 14 February 2022).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Genesight. Available online: https://genesight.com/product/ (accessed on 14 February 2022).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Genecept Assay. Available online: https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gtr/tests/523653.4/ (accessed on 14 February 2022).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Genecept Assay. Available online: https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gtr/tests/523653.4/ (accessed on 14 February 2022).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
