ppanPersonalized Psychiatry and NeurologyPersonalized Psychiatry and Neurology2712-9179V. M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Neurology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Bekhterev NMRC PN)10.52667/2712-9179-2025-5-1-10-15ppan-126Research ArticleREVIEWGender Characteristics of Anxiety: Brief ReviewSafonovaN. Yu.

 Natalia Yu. Safonova 

 192019 

astarta10@yandex.ruLukina L. V.

 Larisa V. Lukina 

 192019 

V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and NeurologyRussian Federation202517032025511015Copyright © Safonova N.Y., Lukina  L.V., 20252025Safonova N.Y., Lukina  L.V.Safonova N.Y., Lukina  L.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.jppn.ru/jour/article/view/126

Background: Anxiety and depression are still the most common complaints of patients when visiting a doctor. Methods: The purpose of the study was to identify gender characteristics of the manifestation of anxiety (anxiety disorders). Results: Clinically significant anxiety (anxiety disorders) in women occurs 1-6.-2.5 times more often than in men. Anxiety disorders in women are characterized by a less stable response to treatment, a more unfavorable course, and a tendency to relapse and become chronic.Conclusions: there are gender differences in the development of anxiety and anxiety disorders/

anxietygendergenderepidemiologyanxietyThe study was performed within the framework of the state task of the Federal State Budgetary Institution " V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Neurology " of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation 2024-2026 (XSOZ 2024 0014).ReferencesAbdoli, N.; Salari, N.; Darvishi, N.; Jafarpour, S.; Solaymani, M.; Mohammadi, M.;Shohaimi S. The global prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD) among the elderly: A systematic review and meta-analysis. NeurosciBiobehav Rev. 2022, 132:1067–1073. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.10.041Abdoli, N.; Salari, N.; Darvishi, N.; Jafarpour, S.; Solaymani, M.; Mohammadi, M.;Shohaimi S. The global prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD) among the elderly: A systematic review and meta-analysis. NeurosciBiobehav Rev. 2022, 132:1067–1073. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.10.041Bandelow, B.; Michaelis, S. Epidemiology of anxiety disorders in the 21st century. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2015, 17(3):327-35. doi: 10.31887/DCNS.2015.17.3/bbandelowBandelow, B.; Michaelis, S. Epidemiology of anxiety disorders in the 21st century. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2015, 17(3):327-35. doi: 10.31887/DCNS.2015.17.3/bbandelowHamm, A.O. Fear, anxiety, and their disorders from the perspective of psychophysiology. Psychophysiology. 2020, 57(2):e13474. doi:10.1111/psyp.13474Hamm, A.O. Fear, anxiety, and their disorders from the perspective of psychophysiology. Psychophysiology. 2020, 57(2):e13474. doi:10.1111/psyp.13474Ibakhadzhieva, L.A. Anxiety as a psychological phenomenon: interpretation of the term, features of manifestation. International Research Journal. 2021, 11(113). doi:10.23670/IRJ.2021.113.11.128Ibakhadzhieva, L.A. Anxiety as a psychological phenomenon: interpretation of the term, features of manifestation. International Research Journal. 2021, 11(113). doi:10.23670/IRJ.2021.113.11.128Gribanov, A.V.; Deputat, S.; Nekhoroshkova, A.N. et al. Psychophysiological characteristics of anxiety and intellectual activity in childhood (review). Human Ecology. 2019, 9:50-58. doi:10.33396/1728-0869-2019-9-50-58Gribanov, A.V.; Deputat, S.; Nekhoroshkova, A.N. et al. Psychophysiological characteristics of anxiety and intellectual activity in childhood (review). Human Ecology. 2019, 9:50-58. doi:10.33396/1728-0869-2019-9-50-58https://mkb-10.com/https://mkb-10.com/Javaid, S.F.; Hashim, I. J.; Hashim, M.J.; et al. Epidemiology of anxiety disorders: global burden and sociodemographic associations. Middle East Curr Psychiatry. 2023, 30:44. doi:10.1186/s43045-023-00315-3Javaid, S.F.; Hashim, I. J.; Hashim, M.J.; et al. Epidemiology of anxiety disorders: global burden and sociodemographic associations. Middle East Curr Psychiatry. 2023, 30:44. doi:10.1186/s43045-023-00315-3Vasenina, E.E.; Gankina, O.A.; Levin O.S. Anxiety disorders in clinical practice: from development mechanisms to differentiated therapy. Medical Council. 2023, 10:89–96. doi:10.21518/ms2023-235Vasenina, E.E.; Gankina, O.A.; Levin O.S. Anxiety disorders in clinical practice: from development mechanisms to differentiated therapy. Medical Council. 2023, 10:89–96. doi:10.21518/ms2023-235Bendas, T.V. Gender psychology: Textbook. - SPb.: Piter, 2018. - 431 pp. (In Russ.)Bendas, T.V. Gender psychology: Textbook. - SPb.: Piter, 2018. - 431 pp. (In Russ.)Nekhvyadovich, M.S. On the issue of studying gender differences in the manifestation of anxiety in men and women. Youth Science Forum. 2022, 3 (3):32-36.Nekhvyadovich, M.S. On the issue of studying gender differences in the manifestation of anxiety in men and women. Youth Science Forum. 2022, 3 (3):32-36.Khaprenkov, I.I. The problem of studying anxiety in children from the point of view of age psychology. Eurasian Scientific Journal. 2016, 12:302-303.Khaprenkov, I.I. The problem of studying anxiety in children from the point of view of age psychology. Eurasian Scientific Journal. 2016, 12:302-303.Ershova, D.A.; Kolesnikova,L.G. Gender differences in anxiety manifestations in adolescence. Innovative technologies in science and education. 2015;1(1):214-215.Ershova, D.A.; Kolesnikova,L.G. Gender differences in anxiety manifestations in adolescence. Innovative technologies in science and education. 2015;1(1):214-215.Fadeeva, O.V.; Belova,T.A.; Kudashkina, O.V. Gender differences in self-esteem and anxiety in preschool children. Problems of modern pedagogical education. 2021, 73(2):224-227.Fadeeva, O.V.; Belova,T.A.; Kudashkina, O.V. Gender differences in self-esteem and anxiety in preschool children. Problems of modern pedagogical education. 2021, 73(2):224-227.Kapitanecz, E.G. Gender differences in the manifestation of anxiety in younger adolescents. The World of Pedagogy and Psychology.2016, 3(3):93-98.Kapitanecz, E.G. Gender differences in the manifestation of anxiety in younger adolescents. The World of Pedagogy and Psychology.2016, 3(3):93-98.Perelygina, M.I. Gender-specific manifestations of anxiety in younger and older adolescents. Student Science of the XXI Century. 2015,4(7):145-147.Perelygina, M.I. Gender-specific manifestations of anxiety in younger and older adolescents. Student Science of the XXI Century. 2015,4(7):145-147.Pavlova, T.S.; Kholmogorova, A.B. The gender factor of social anxiety in adolescence. Psychological Science and Education. 2014, 1.Pavlova, T.S.; Kholmogorova, A.B. The gender factor of social anxiety in adolescence. Psychological Science and Education. 2014, 1.Asher, M.; Asnaani, A.; Aderka, I.M. Gender differences in social anxiety disorder: A review. Clin Psychol Rev. 2017, 56:1-12. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2017.05.004.Asher, M.; Asnaani, A.; Aderka, I.M. Gender differences in social anxiety disorder: A review. Clin Psychol Rev. 2017, 56:1-12. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2017.05.004.Bojko, B.P. The study of gender-specific features of social anxiety. Psychology and Pedagogy in Crimea: Ways of Development. 2022, 3:16-29.Bojko, B.P. The study of gender-specific features of social anxiety. Psychology and Pedagogy in Crimea: Ways of Development. 2022, 3:16-29.Simone, P.W.; Haller, B.; Doherty, R. et al. Attention allocation and social worries predict interpretations of peer-related social cues in adolescents. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience. 2017, 25:105-112.Simone, P.W.; Haller, B.; Doherty, R. et al. Attention allocation and social worries predict interpretations of peer-related social cues in adolescents. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience. 2017, 25:105-112.Pizzagalli, D.A.; Sherwood, R.J.; Henriques, J.B.; Davidson, R.J. Frontal brain asymmetry and reward responsiveness - a source-localization study. Psychological Science. 2005, 16(10):805-813.Pizzagalli, D.A.; Sherwood, R.J.; Henriques, J.B.; Davidson, R.J. Frontal brain asymmetry and reward responsiveness - a source-localization study. Psychological Science. 2005, 16(10):805-813.Heathcote, L.C.; Vervoort ,T.; Eccleston, C. et al. The relationship between adolescents' pain catastrophizing and attention bias to pain faces is moderated by attention control. Pain. 2015, 156:1334-1341.Heathcote, L.C.; Vervoort ,T.; Eccleston, C. et al. The relationship between adolescents' pain catastrophizing and attention bias to pain faces is moderated by attention control. Pain. 2015, 156:1334-1341.Cisler, J.M.; Koster, E.H. Mechanisms of attentional biases towards threatening anxiety disorders: an integrative review. Clin. Psychol. Rev. 2010, 30:203-216.Cisler, J.M.; Koster, E.H. Mechanisms of attentional biases towards threatening anxiety disorders: an integrative review. Clin. Psychol. Rev. 2010, 30:203-216.Starzomska, M. Applications of the dot probe task in attentional bias research in eating disorders: A review. Psicologica. 2017, 38:283-346.Starzomska, M. Applications of the dot probe task in attentional bias research in eating disorders: A review. Psicologica. 2017, 38:283-346.Shcherbakova, O.V.; Filippova, M.G.; Shtyrov, Yu.Y. Error-related negativity as a marker of unconscious sensitivity to stimulus ambiguity. I.P. Pavlov Journal of Higher Nervous Activity. 2019, 69(3):334–338.Shcherbakova, O.V.; Filippova, M.G.; Shtyrov, Yu.Y. Error-related negativity as a marker of unconscious sensitivity to stimulus ambiguity. I.P. Pavlov Journal of Higher Nervous Activity. 2019, 69(3):334–338.Strand, N.; Fang, L.; Carlson, J.M. Sex differences in anxiety: An investigation of the moderating role of sex in performance monitoring and attentional bias to threat in high trait anxious individuals. Font. Hum. Neurosci, Cognitive Neuroscience. 2021, 15:627589. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2021.627589Strand, N.; Fang, L.; Carlson, J.M. Sex differences in anxiety: An investigation of the moderating role of sex in performance monitoring and attentional bias to threat in high trait anxious individuals. Font. Hum. Neurosci, Cognitive Neuroscience. 2021, 15:627589. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2021.627589Vasenina, E.E. Gender characteristics of anxiety disorders. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2023, 123(10):48 53. doi:10.17116/jnevro202312310148Vasenina, E.E. Gender characteristics of anxiety disorders. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2023, 123(10):48 53. doi:10.17116/jnevro202312310148

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.